The Colorado Supreme Court on Monday rejected a ballot measure that would have placed substantial limits on the state’s ranching and meat production industry, ruling that Initiative 16 violates the state’s single-subject requirement.

Initiative 16 would have gone on the 2022 ballot. Its goal was to add livestock and fish to the state’s animal cruelty law and redefine what constitutes a “sexual act with an animal,” including practices often used in breeding and animal husbandry.

“The initiative’s central theme is incorporating livestock into the animal cruelty statutes, but expanding the definition of ‘sexual act with an animal’ would criminalize additional conduct regardless of whether that conduct is directed at livestock or other animals,” the justices ruled.

The justices ordered that the state’s Title Board “strike the titles” from the measure and “return the initiative to its proponents.”

Initiative 16 would have required livestock to be slaughtered only after an animal lived a quarter of its natural lifespan — estimated at 20 years for cattle — which would vastly change current practices, considering cattle are often killed for their meat at a younger age.

The website for the ballot initiative, called Protect Animals from Unnecessary Suffering and Exploitation, or PAUSE, says it would have extended animal welfare rights to all farm animals and that there is “no rational reason to exempt farmed animals from basic abuse laws that currently exist to protect our pets.”

But livestock and ranching groups across Colorado saw something more nefarious: an end to their livelihood as they know it. The Colorado Farm Bureau described it as the “most radical and extreme ballot initiative Colorado has ever seen,” and Colorado Livestock Association CEO Bill Hammerich told The Denver Post in April that the initiative would hurt the state’s agriculture industry and impact meat and meat product exports, which make up nearly 14% of Colorado’s exports.

Gov. Jared Polis has also come out against the measure, saying he “stands in solidarity with Colorado farmers and ranchers in opposition to the PAUSE ballot initiative because it would hurt Colorado and destroy jobs.”

A coalition of livestock and farming groups called Coloradans for Animal Care challenged the measure at the Colorado Supreme Court in April. The group said the title includes “political catchphrases” meant to sway voters and deals with at least two subjects when ballot measures can only have one.

The two representatives listed for the proposed measure, Alexander Sage of Broomfield and Brent Johannes of Boulder, did not immediately respond to requests for comment on Monday.

Colorado Republican Party Chairwoman Kristi Burton Brown applauded the ruling.

“This illogical ballot initiative would further the rural-urban divide in Colorado and destroy family farms, ranches, and the agricultural industry our entire state relies on,” she said. “The Republican Party stands with the hardworking Coloradans who feed our families every day.”