What is the difference between the Taliban, Al Qaeda and IS?

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IS - ISK
IS – ISK

The situation in Afghanistan is becoming increasingly confusing. In addition to the Taliban, the terrorist group “Islamic State” and the radical Islamic network Al-Qaeda are also making violent appearances in the country. As different as their goals and strategies are, they are united by a common enemy.

Explosions, gunfire, screams, at least 85 dead. Afghanistan was rocked by an attack at Kabul airport. 13 US soldiers were among the dead. However, it is not the ruling Taliban but the terrorist organization “IS” that has committed itself to the atrocities and claims the attack for itself.

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It pursues different interests in Afghanistan than the Taliban, and the Al-Qaeda terrorist network is also trying to regain influence in the region. But who are these organizations anyway? How do they differ and how dangerous are they? For Germany too? RTL terrorism expert Michael Ortmann explains.

Who are the terrorist organizations?

Taliban: The Taliban first appeared in 1984. “They are a gathering movement from the two countries Afghanistan and Pakistan,” explains Ortmann. There are different groups within the Taliban. “That also makes the talks and negotiations with them so difficult”.

Al-Qaeda: The organization was used in the US’s fight against communism in order to oust the communists in Afghanistan. Her best-known face: Osama bin Laden. Her most famous act: the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11th. Similar to “IS”, al-Qaeda is a “transnational terrorist movement”, as Ortmann explains. Their struggle is against the enemies of God, which include the United States as well as the Arab leaderships allied with Washington and Israel.

IS: The terrorist organization Islamic State – also known as “IS” – once emerged from parts of Al Qaeda. “Even Osama bin Laden described this organization as extremely brutal,” says Ortmann. The goal of the “IS”: “They want to conquer Europe and, best of all, the world. And in order to achieve this goal, the IS has relied on the highest possible brutality.” The power and influence of IS was at its peak in 2014/2015, but has fallen in recent years. Nevertheless, “there was a remnant of this group, which has retreated underground and is now partially re-forming,” explains Ortmann.

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“There is a common denominator. They are against Western values,” says Ortmann and explains: “Western values, that is democracy, that is elections, that is gender equality, that is the separation of religion and politics, that is an independent judiciary. All three think that’s terrible. ” They want Sharia – the Islamic legal system – as the basis of social life. The most important sources of the Sharia are the Koran and the collection of traditional sayings of the Prophet Mohammed. They are interpreted in a radical way by the scholars of the terrorist groups. “All organizations also forbid themselves from any interference by nations that they perceive as democratic nations because that does not correspond to their values ​​at all,” says Ortmann.

What are the differences?

While “IS” and Al-Qaeda, according to Ortmann, are pursuing a “transnational agenda”, ie the establishment of a state of God that extends beyond the borders of the Middle East, the Taliban are pursuing regional goals and want to secure and expand power in Afghanistan.

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The “IS” has lost influence in the past few years. Attacks like the one in Paris in 2015 are still conceivable, “but nowhere near as easy to carry out.” “Al-Qaeda, on the other hand, in the slipstream of the hunt for IS, had the opportunity to refresh itself and create new structures.” How strong the organization will be in the future remains to be seen. One thing is certain: after the withdrawal of the US troops, all terrorist groups are increasingly sensing the opportunity to gain influence and expand their power. In the worst case, that could be too ch have fatal consequences for Europe and Germany.

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